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隨(sui)著商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)經濟的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展而產生(sheng)的(de)(de)。商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)生(sheng)產和(he)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)交換的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展，使(shi)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)購(gou)銷量(liang)增大(da)，流通(tong)(tong)范圍擴(kuo)展，生(sheng)產者相互之(zhi)間(jian)、生(sheng)產者與(yu)零(ling)售(shou)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)之(zhi)間(jian)直(zhi)接(jie)進行商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)交換，常有困難或(huo)不方便(bian)，于是產生(sheng)了專(zhuan)門(men)向生(sheng)產者直(zhi)接(jie)購(gou)進商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)，然后再轉賣給其他(ta)生(sheng)產者或(huo)零(ling)售(shou)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)批(pi)發(fa)(fa)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)，商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)部門(men)內(nei)部有了批(pi)發(fa)(fa)和(he)零(ling)售(shou)之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)分(fen)工。批(pi)發(fa)(fa)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務一般(ban)由批(pi)發(fa)(fa)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)來經營(ying)，每次批(pi)售(shou)的(de)(de)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)數量(liang)較大(da)，并按批(pi)發(fa)(fa)價(jia)格(ge)出售(shou)。商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)批(pi)發(fa)(fa)價(jia)格(ge)低(di)于零(ling)售(shou)價(jia)格(ge)，即存(cun)在著批(pi)零(ling)差價(jia)，其差額由零(ling)售(shou)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)所耗(hao)費的(de)(de)流通(tong)(tong)費用、稅金和(he)利潤構成。商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)批(pi)發(fa)(fa)是生(sheng)產與(yu)零(ling)售(shou)之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)中間(jian)環節。通(tong)(tong)過商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)批(pi)發(fa)(fa)活動，使(shi)社會產品(pin)(pin)(pin)從(cong)生(sheng)產領域進入流通(tong)(tong)領域，起到組織和(he)調動地區(qu)之(zhi)間(jian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)流通(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)作用。還可通(tong)(tong)過商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)儲存(cun)發(fa)(fa)揮“蓄水(shui)池”作用，平(ping)衡商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)供(gong)求。